Heiga Zen
Heiga Zen received his AE from Suzuka National College of Technology, Suzuka, Japan, in 1999, and PhD from the Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan, in 2006. He was an Intern/Co-Op researcher at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY (2004--2005), and a Research Engineer at Toshiba Research Europe Ltd. Cambridge Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (2008--2011). At Google, he was with the Speech team from July 2011 to July 2018, then joined the Brain team from August 2018. From June 2023, he is a Principal Scientist at Google DeepMind, Japan. His research interests include speech technology and machine learning. He was one of the original authors and the first maintainer of the HMM-based speech synthesis system (HTS). He is a fellow of ISCA and IEEE.
Authored Publications
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Translatotron 3: Speech to Speech Translation with Monolingual Data
Alon Levkovitch
Yifan Ding
Chulayuth Asawaroengchai
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This paper presents a novel approach to train a direct speech-to-speech translation model from monolingual datasets only in a fully unsupervised manner. The proposed approach combines back-translation, denoising autoencoder, and unsupervised embedding mapping techniques to achieve this goal. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by comparing it against a cascaded baseline using two Spanish and English datasets. The proposed approach achieved a significant improvement over the cascaded baseline on synthesized unpaired conversational and synthesized Common Voice $11$ datasets.
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LibriTTS-R: Restoration of a Large-Scale Multi-Speaker TTS Corpus
Yifan Ding
Kohei Yatabe
Nobuyuki Morioka
Yu Zhang
Wei Han
Interspeech 2023 (2023)
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This paper introduces a new speech dataset called ``LibriTTS-R'' designed for text-to-speech (TTS) use. It is derived by applying speech restoration to the LibriTTS corpus, which consists of 585 hours of speech data at 24 kHz sampling rate from 2,456 speakers and the corresponding texts. The constituent samples of LibriTTS-R are identical to those of LibriTTS, with only the sound quality improved. Experimental results show that the LibriTTS-R ground-truth samples showed significantly improved sound quality compared to those in LibriTTS. In addition, neural end-to-end TTS trained with LibriTTS-R achieved speech naturalness on par with that of the ground-truth samples. The corpus is freely available for download from [URL-HERE]
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Twenty-Five Years of Evolution in Speech and Language Processing
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Michael Picheny
Dilek Hakkani-Tur
IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 40 (2023), pp. 27-39
Miipher: A Robust Speech Restoration Model Integrating Self-Supervised Speech Representation and Linguistic Features
Yifan Ding
Kohei Yatabe
Nobuyuki Morioka
Yu Zhang
Wei Han
WASPAA 2023 (2023) (to appear)
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Speech restoration (SR) is a task of converting degraded speech signals into high-quality ones. In this study, we propose a robust SR model called Miipher, and apply Miipher to a new SR application: increasing the amount of high-quality training data for speech generation by converting speech samples collected from the web to studio-quality. To make our SR model robust against various degradation, we use (i) a speech representation extracted from w2v-BERT for the input feature, and (ii) linguistic features extracted from transcripts and PnG-BERT for conditioning features. Experiments show that the proposed model (i) is robust against various audio degradation, (ii) can restore samples in the LJspeech dataset and improves the quality of text-to-speech (TTS) outputs without changing the model and hyper-parameters, and (iii) enable us to train a high-quality TTS model from restored speech samples collected from the web.
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Virtuoso: Massive Multilingual Speech-Text Joint Semi-Supervised Learning for Text-to-Speech
Takaaki Saeki
Zhehuai Chen
Nobuyuki Morioka
Yu Zhang
ICASSP (2023)
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This paper proposes Virtuoso, a massive multilingual speech–text joint learning framework for text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) models. Existing multilingual TTS typically supports tens of languages, which are a small fraction of thousands of languages in the world. One difficulty to scale multilingual TTS to hundreds of languages is collecting high-quality speech–text paired data in low-resource languages. This study extends Maestro, which is a speech–text semi-supervised joint pretraining framework for automatic speech recognition (ASR), to speech generation tasks. To train a TTS model from various types of speech and text data, different training schemes are designed to handle supervised (paired TTS and ASR data) and unsupervised (untranscribed speech and unspoken text) datasets. Experimental evaluation shows that 1) multilingual TTS models trained on Virtuoso can achieve significantly better naturalness and intelligibility than baseline TTS models in seen languages, and 2) these models can synthesize reasonably good speech for unseen languages where no paired TTS data is available.
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Extracting Representative Subset from Massive Raw Texts for Training Pre-trained Neural Language Models
Jun Suzuki
Information Processing & Management Conference, 60 (2023) (to appear)
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This paper explores the research question of whether training neural language models using a
small subset of representative data selected from a large training dataset can achieve the same level of performance obtained using all the original training data. We explore the likelihood-based scoring for the purpose of obtaining representative subsets, which we call RepSet. Our experiments confirm that the representative subset obtained by a likelihood difference-based score can achieve the 90% performance level even when the dataset is reduced to about 1,000th of the original data. We also show that the performance of the random selection method deteriorates significantly when the amount of data is reduced.
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Training Text-To-Speech Systems From Synthetic Data: A Practical Approach For Accent Transfer Tasks
Lev Finkelstein
Norman Casagrande
Ye Jia
Alexey Petelin
Jonathan Shen
Yu Zhang
Interspeech (2022)
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Transfer tasks in text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis — where one
or more aspects of the speech of one set of speakers is transferred
to another set of speakers that do not feature these aspects originally —
remains a challenging task. One of the challenges is that models
that have high-quality transfer capabilities can have issues in stability,
making them impractical for user-facing critical tasks. This paper
demonstrates that transfer can be obtained by training an robust TTS
system on data generated by a less robust TTS system designed for a high-quality
transfer task; In particular, a CHiVE-BERT monolingual TTS
system is trained on the output of a Tacotron model designed
for accent transfer. While some quality loss is inevitable with
this approach, experimental results show that the models trained
on synthetic data this way can produce high quality audio displaying accent
transfer, while preserving speaker characteristics such as speaking style.
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This paper explores the research question of whether training neural language models using a small subset of representative data selected from a large training dataset can achieve the same level of performance that obtained using all the original training data.
In our experiments, we confirm that the representative subset obtained by the likelihood-difference-based method can maintain the same performance level even when the dataset is reduced to about 10th or 100th of the original data.
We also show that the performance of the random selection method deteriorates significantly when the amount of data is reduced.
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深層学習によるテキスト音声合成の飛躍的発展
電子情報通信学会誌, 105-5 (2022), pp. 413-417
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テキスト音声合成では、音声波形を自動で切り貼りして所望するテキストに対応する音声を合成する、波形接続型音声合成が主流であった。一方、条件付き生成モデルを用いてテキストと音声の関係を学習し、これより任意のテキストより音声を合成する生成モデル型音声合成は、声色を少量の音声で変換できる等の利点があるが、合成音の自然性に課題があった。過去約10年間に深層学習が生成モデル型に導入され、性能が飛躍的に向上した結果、高い自然性を保ちつつ柔軟に話者性や韻律を制御できるようになった。本稿では、深層生成モデルの導入がテキスト音声合成に与えた影響について考察する。
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We introduce CVSS, a massively multilingual-to-English speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) corpus, covering sentence-level parallel S2ST pairs from 21 languages into English. CVSS is derived from the Common Voice speech corpus and the CoVoST 2 speech-to-text translation (ST) corpus, by synthesizing the translation text from CoVoST 2 into speech using state-of-the-art TTS systems. Two versions of translation speeches are provided: 1) CVSS-C: All the translation speeches are in a single high-quality canonical voice; 2) CVSS-T: The translation speeches are in voices transferred from the corresponding source speeches. In addition, CVSS provides normalized translation text which matches the pronunciation in the translation speech. On each version of CVSS, we built baseline multilingual direct S2ST models and cascade S2ST models, verifying the effectiveness of the corpus. To build strong cascade S2ST baselines, we trained an ST model on CoVoST 2, which outperforms the previous state-of-the-art trained on the corpus without extra data by 5.8 BLEU. Nevertheless, the performance of the direct S2ST models approaches the strong cascade baselines when trained from scratch, and with only 0.1 or 0.7 BLEU difference on ASR transcribed translation when initialized from matching ST models.
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