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Purification-Based Quantum Error Mitigation of Pair-Correlated Electron Simulations

Christian Gogolin
Vincent Elfving
Fotios Gkritsis
Oumarou Oumarou
Gian-Luca R. Anselmetti
Bryan W. K. Woo
David A Buell
Andreas Bengtsson
Masoud Mohseni
Ted White
Sabrina Hong
Matt McEwen
Kevin Miao
Austin Fowler
Dvir Kafri
Paul Victor Klimov
Murphy Yuezhen Niu
Erik Lucero
Brian Burkett
Daniel Sank
Andrew Dunsworth
Marissa Giustina
Aditya Locharla
Leslie Flores
Ofer Naaman
Joe Bardin
Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller
William J. Huggins
Lev Ioffe
Tanuj Khattar
Evan Jeffrey
Catherine Erickson
Fionn Malone
Jonathan Arthur Gross
Sean Demura
Dave Bacon
Alexander Del Toro Barba
Markus Rudolf Hoffmann
Alexis Morvan
Matthew Neeley
Matt P Harrigan
Benjamin Villalonga
Anthony Hieu Nguyen
Hartmut Neven
Mostafa Khezri
Josh Godfrey Cogan
Brian Lester
Jenna Nicole Bovaird
Jarrod Ryan McClean
Dripto M. Debroy
Julian Kelly
Kevin Satzinger
Craig Michael Gidney
Ben Curtin
Sergio Boixo
Adam Jozef Zalcman
Ryan Babbush
Nicholas Zobrist
Pedram Roushan
Seon Kim
Chris Quintana
Nicholas Rubin
Guifre Vidal
Bob Benjamin Buckley
Trevor Johnathan Mccourt
Thomas E O'Brien
John Mark Kreikebaum
Rajeev Acharya
Joonho Lee
Ningfeng Zhu
Shirin Montazeri
Sergei Isakov
Jamie Yao
Clarke Smith
Rebecca Potter
Sean Harrington
Jeremy Patterson Hilton
Alex Crook
Fedor Kostritsa
Kim Ming Lau
Dmitry Abanin
Trent Huang
Aaron Shorter
Steve Habegger
Richard Ross Allen
Vladimir Shvarts
Alfredo Torres
Stefano Polla
Anthony Megrant
Charles Neill
Michael C. Hamilton
Dar Gilboa
Lily MeeKit Laws
Nicholas Bushnell
Kyle Anderson
Ramis Movassagh
Mike Shearn
Wojtek Mruczkiewicz
Desmond Chun Fung Chik
Xiao Mi
Brooks Riley Foxen
Frank Carlton Arute
Alejandro Grajales Dau
Yaxing Zhang
Lara Faoro
Alexander T. Lill
Jiun How Ng
Justin Thomas Iveland
Marco Szalay
Orion Martin
Juhwan Yoo
Michael Newman
William Giang
Alex Opremcak
William Courtney
Andrey Klots
Wayne Liu
Pavel Laptev
Paul Conner
Rolando Diego Somma
Vadim Smelyanskiy
Benjamin Chiaro
Grayson Robert Young
Tim Burger
Ilya Drozdov
Jimmy Chen
Marika Kieferova
Michael Blythe Broughton
Juan Atalaya
Markus Ansmann
Pavol Juhas
Murray Nguyen
Daniel Eppens
Roberto Collins
Jindra Skruzny
Igor Aleiner
Yu Chen
Reza Fatemi
Leon Brill
Ashley Anne Huff
Doug Strain
Ebrahim Forati
Dave Landhuis
Kenny Lee
Ping Yeh
Kunal Arya
Cody Jones
Edward Farhi
Andre Gregory Petukhov
Alexander Korotkov
Ani Nersisyan
Christopher Schuster
Kostyantyn Kechedzhi
Trond Ikdahl Andersen
Alexandre Bourassa
Kannan Aryaperumal Sankaragomathi
Nature Physics (2023)
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Abstract

An important measure of the development of quantum computing platforms has been the simulation of increasingly complex physical systems. Prior to fault-tolerant quantum computing, robust error mitigation strategies are necessary to continue this growth. Here, we study physical simulation within the seniority-zero electron pairing subspace, which affords both a computational stepping stone to a fully correlated model, and an opportunity to validate recently introduced ``purification-based'' error-mitigation strategies. We compare the performance of error mitigation based on doubling quantum resources in time (echo verification) or in space (virtual distillation), on up to 20 qubits of a superconducting qubit quantum processor. We observe a reduction of error by one to two orders of magnitude below less sophisticated techniques (e.g. post-selection); the gain from error mitigation is seen to increase with the system size. Employing these error mitigation strategies enables the implementation of the largest variational algorithm for a correlated chemistry system to-date. Extrapolating performance from these results allows us to estimate minimum requirements for a beyond-classical simulation of electronic structure. We find that, despite the impressive gains from purification-based error mitigation, significant hardware improvements will be required for classically intractable variational chemistry simulations.

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