Chi-yao Hong
Chi-yao Hong is a Senior Staff Software Engineer in Google Global Networking (GGN). His team develops the traffic engineering systems for Google's global and regional networks, including B2 and B4. He received a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Authored Publications
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Orion: Google’s Software-Defined Networking Control Plane
Amr Sabaa
Henrik Muehe
Joon Suan Ong
KondapaNaidu Bollineni
Lorenzo Vicisano
Mike Conley
Min Zhu
Rich Alimi
Shawn Chen
Shidong Zhang
Waqar Mohsin
(2021)
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We present Orion, a distributed Software-Defined Networking platform deployed globally in Google’s datacenter (Jupiter) as well as Wide Area (B4) networks. Orion was designed around a modular, micro-service architecture with a central publish-subscribe database to enable a distributed, yet tightly-coupled, software-defined network control system. Orion enables intent-based management and control, is highly scalable and amenable to global control hierarchies.
Over the years, Orion has matured with continuously improving performance in convergence (up to 40x faster), throughput (handling up to 1.16 million network updates per second), system scalability (supporting 16x larger networks), and data plane availability (50x, 100x reduction in unavailable time in Jupiter and B4, respectively) while maintaining high development velocity with bi-weekly release cadence. Today, Orion robustly enables all of Google’s Software-Defined Networks defending against failure modes that are both generic to large scale production networks as well as unique to SDN systems.
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B4 and After: Managing Hierarchy, Partitioning, and Asymmetry for Availability and Scale in Google's Software-Defined WAN
Min Zhu
Rich Alimi
Kondapa Naidu Bollineni
Chandan Bhagat
Sourabh Jain
Jay Kaimal
Jeffrey Liang
Kirill Mendelev
Faro Thomas Rabe
Saikat Ray
Malveeka Tewari
Monika Zahn
Joon Ong
SIGCOMM'18 (2018)
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Private WANs are increasingly important to the operation of enterprises, telecoms, and cloud providers. For example, B4, Google’s private software-defined WAN, is larger and growing faster than our connectivity to the public Internet. In this paper, we present the five-year evolution of B4. We describe the techniques we employed to incrementally move from offering best-effort content-copy services to carrier-grade availability, while concurrently scaling B4 to accommodate 100x more traffic. Our key challenge is balancing the tension introduced by hierarchy required for scalability, the partitioning required for availability, and the capacity asymmetry inherent to the construction and operation of any large-scale network. We discuss our approach to managing this tension: i) we design a custom hierarchical network topology for both horizontal and vertical software scaling, ii) we manage inherent capacity asymmetry in hierarchical topologies using a novel traffic engineering algorithm without packet encapsulation, and iii) we re-architect switch forwarding rules via two-stage matching/hashing to deal with asymmetric network failures at scale.
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