Unconditional Anonymous Quantum Tokens

Dmytro Gavinsky
Dar Gilboa
Siddharth Jain
Dmitri Maslov
2025

Abstract

Protecting user privacy in financial transactions is desirable, yet in the classical world it is effectively impossible without hardware assumptions. Most existing quantum money schemes also fail to guarantee anonymity. We introduce a construction of single-use quantum tokens that give users the ability to detect whether the issuing authority is tracking them, for which we prove unconditional security. Our tokens do not require quantum communication from the users themselves, making them relatively practical to deploy.
We discuss potential applications including one-time payment tokens, anonymous one-time pads and voting.