Richard Tucker
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We present a method for generating Streetscapes --- long sequences of views through an on-the-fly synthesized city-scale scene. Our generation is conditioned by language input (e.g., city name, weather), as well as an underlying map/layout hosting the desired trajectory. Compared to recent models for video generation or 3D view synthesis, our method can scale to much longer-range camera trajectories, spanning several city blocks, while maintaining visual quality and consistency. To achieve this goal, we build on recent work on video diffusion, used within an autoregressive framework that can easily scale to long sequences. In particular, we introduce a new temporal imputation method that prevents our autoregressive approach from drifting from the distribution of realistic city imagery. We train our Streetscapes system on a compelling source of data-posed imagery from Google Street View, along with contextual map data-which allows users to generate city views conditioned on any desired city layout, with controllable camera poses.
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We present an approach to modeling an image-space prior on scene motion. Our prior is learned from a collection of motion trajectories extracted from real video sequences depicting natural, oscillatory dynamics such as trees, flowers, candles, and clothes swaying in the wind. We model this dense, long-term motion prior in the Fourier domain:given a single image, our trained model uses a frequency-coordinated diffusion sampling process to predict a spectral volume, which can be converted into a motion texture that spans an entire video. Along with an image-based rendering module, these trajectories can be used for a number of downstream applications, such as turning still images into seamlessly looping videos, or allowing users to realistically interact with objects in real pictures by interpreting the spectral volumes as image-space modal bases, which approximate object dynamics.
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Simple and Effective Synthesis of Indoor 3D Scenes
Jing Yu Koh
Harsh Agrawal
Dhruv Batra
Honglak Lee
Yinfei Yang
Peter Anderson
AAAI (2023) (to appear)
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We study the problem of synthesizing immersive 3D indoor scenes from one or a few images. Our aim is to generate high-resolution images and videos from novel viewpoints, including viewpoints that extrapolate far beyond the input images while maintaining 3D consistency. Existing approaches are highly complex, with many separately trained stages and components. We propose a simple alternative: an image-to-image GAN that maps directly from reprojections of incomplete point clouds to full high-resolution RGB-D images. On the Matterport3D and RealEstate10K datasets, our approach significantly outperforms prior work when evaluated by humans, as well as on FID scores. Further, we show that our model is useful for generative data augmentation. A visionand-language navigation (VLN) agent trained with trajectories spatially-perturbed by our model improves success rate by up to 1.5% over a state of the art baseline on the mature R2R benchmark. Our code is publicly released to facilitate generative data augmentation and applications to downstream robotics and embodied AI tasks.
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DynIBaR: Neural Dynamic Image-Based Rendering
Zhengqi Li
Qianqian Wang
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2023)
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We address the problem of synthesizing novel views from a monocular video depicting complex dynamic scenes.
State-of-the-art methods based on temporally varying Neural Radiance Fields (aka \emph{dynamic NeRFs}) have shown impressive results on this task.
However, for long videos with complex object motions and uncontrolled camera trajectories, these methods can produce blurry or inaccurate renderings, hampering their use in real-world applications.
Rather than encoding a dynamic scene within the weights of MLPs, we present a new method that addresses these limitations by adopting a volumetric image-based rendering framework that synthesizes new viewpoints by aggregating features from nearby views in a scene-motion-aware manner.
Our system preserves the advantages for modeling complex scenes and view-dependent effects, but enables synthesizing photo-realistic novel views from long videos featuring complex scene dynamics with unconstrained camera trajectories.
We demonstrate significant improvements over state-of-the-art methods on dynamic scene datasets, and also apply our approach to in-the-wild videos with challenging camera and object motion, where prior methods fail to produce high-quality renderings.
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Persistent Nature: A Generative Model of Unbounded 3D Worlds
Lucy Chai
Zhengqi Li
Phillip Isola
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2023)
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Despite increasingly realistic image quality, recent 3D image generative models often operate on bounded domains with limited camera motions. We investigate the task of unconditionally synthesizing unbounded nature scenes, enabling arbitrarily large camera motion while maintaining a persistent 3D world model. Our scene representation consists of an extendable, planar scene layout grid, which can be rendered from arbitrary camera poses via a 3D decoder and volume rendering, and a panoramic skydome. Based on this representation, we learn a generative world model solely from single-view internet photos. Our method enables simulating long flights through 3D landscapes, while maintaining global scene consistency--for instance, returning to the starting point yields the same view of the scene. Our approach enables scene extrapolation beyond the fixed bounds of current 3D generative models, while also supporting a persistent, camera-independent world representation that stands in contrast to auto-regressive 3D prediction models.
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Deformable Sprites for Unsupervised Video Decomposition
Vickie Ye
Zhengqi Li
Angjoo Kanazawa
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2022)
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We describe a method to extract persistent elements of a dynamic scene from an input video. We represent each scene element as a Deformable Sprite consisting of three components: 1) a 2D texture image for the entire video, 2) per-frame masks for the element, and 3) non-rigid deformations that map the texture image into each video frame. The resulting decomposition allows for applications such as consistent video editing. Deformable Sprites are a type of video auto-encoder model that is optimized on individual videos, and does not require training on a large dataset, nor does it rely on pre-trained models. Moreover, our method does not require object masks or other user input, and discovers moving objects of a wider variety than previous work. We evaluate our approach on standard video datasets and show qualitative results on a diverse array of Internet videos.
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Dimensions of Motion: Monocular Prediction through Flow Subspaces
Richard Strong Bowen*
Ramin Zabih
Proceedings of the International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV) (2022)
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We introduce a way to learn to estimate a scene representation from a single image by predicting a low-dimensional subspace of optical flow for each training example, which encompasses the variety of possible camera and object movement. Supervision is provided by a novel loss which measures the distance between this predicted flow subspace and an observed optical flow. This provides a new approach to learning scene representation tasks, such as monocular depth prediction or instance segmentation, in an unsupervised fashion using in-the-wild input videos without requiring camera poses, intrinsics, or an explicit multi-view stereo step. We evaluate our method in multiple settings, including an indoor depth prediction task where it achieves comparable performance to recent methods trained with more supervision.
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KeypointDeformer: Unsupervised 3D Keypoint Discovery for Shape Control
Tomas Jakab
Jiajun Wu
Angjoo Kanazawa
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2021)
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We present KeypointDeformer, a novel unsupervised method for shape control through automatically discovered 3D keypoints. Our approach produces intuitive and semantically consistent control of shape deformations. Moreover, our discovered 3D keypoints are consistent across object category instances despite large shape variations. Since our method is unsupervised, it can be readily deployed to new object categories without requiring expensive annotations for 3D keypoints and deformations.
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SLIDE: Single Image 3D Photography with Soft Layering and Depth-aware Inpainting
Varun Jampani*
Huiwen Chang*
Kyle Gregory Sargent
Abhishek Kar
Mike Krainin
Dominik Philemon Kaeser
Ce Liu
ICCV 2021 (2021)
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Single image 3D photography enables viewers to view a still image from novel viewpoints. Recent approaches for single-image view synthesis combine monocular depth network along with inpainting networks resulting in compelling novel view synthesis results. A drawback of these approaches is the use of hard layering making them not suitable to model intricate appearance effects such as matting. We present SLIDE, a modular and unified system for single image 3D photography that uses simple yet effective soft layering strategy to model appearance effects. In addition, we propose a novel depth-aware training of inpainting network suitable for 3D photography task. Extensive experimental analysis on 3 different view synthesis datasets in combination with user studies on in-the-wild image collections demonstrate the superior performance of our technique in comparison to existing strong baselines.
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Infinite Nature: Perpetual View Synthesis of Natural Scenes from a Single Image
Varun Jampani
Angjoo Kanazawa
International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) (2021)
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We introduce the problem of perpetual view generation—long-range generation of novel views corresponding to an arbitrarily long camera trajectory given a single image. This is a challenging problem that goes far beyond the capabilities of current view synthesis methods, which work for a limited range of viewpoints and quickly degenerate when presented with a large camera motion. Methods designed for video generation also have limited ability to produce long video sequences and are often agnostic to scene geometry. We take a hybrid approach that integrates both geometry and image synthesis in an iterative render, refine, and repeat framework, allowing for long-range generation that cover large distances after hundreds of frames. Our approach can be trained from a set of monocular video sequences without any manual annotation. We propose a dataset of aerial footage of natural coastal scenes, and compare our method with recent view synthesis and conditional video generation baselines, showing that it can generate plausible scenes for much longer time horizons over large camera trajectories compared to existing methods.
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