Nicole Mitchell
Research interests span areas of trustworthy and efficient ML with recent work focused on federated learning.
Authored Publications
Google Publications
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Leveraging Function Space Aggregation for Federated Learning at Scale
Nikita Dhawan
Karolina Dziugaite
Transactions on Machine Learning Research (2024)
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The federated learning paradigm has motivated the development of methods for aggregating multiple client updates into a global server model, without sharing client data. Many federated learning algorithms, including the canonical Federated Averaging (FedAvg), take a direct (possibly weighted) average of the client parameter updates, motivated by results in distributed optimization. In this work, we adopt a function space perspective and propose a new algorithm, FedFish, that aggregates local approximations to the functions learned by clients, using an estimate based on their Fisher information. We evaluate FedFish on realistic, large-scale cross-device benchmarks. While the performance of FedAvg can suffer as client models drift further apart, we demonstrate that FedFish is more robust to longer local training. Our evaluation across several settings in image and language benchmarks shows that FedFish outperforms FedAvg as local training epochs increase. Further, FedFish results in global networks that are more amenable to efficient personalization via local fine-tuning on the same or shifted data distributions. For instance, federated pretraining on the C4 dataset, followed by few-shot personalization on Stack Overflow, results in a 7% improvement in next-token prediction by FedFish over FedAvg.
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Compressing model updates is critical for reducing communication costs in federated learning. We examine the problem using rate--distortion theory to present a compression method that is near-optimal in many use cases. We empirically show that common transforms applied to model updates in standard compression algorithms, normalization in QSGD and random rotation in DRIVE, yield sub-optimal compressed representations in practice.
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Towards Federated Foundation Models: Scalable Dataset Pipelines for Group-Structured Learning
Krishna Pillutla
Michael Reneer
37th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2023) Track on Datasets and Benchmarks (2023)
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We introduce Dataset Grouper, a library to create large-scale group-structured (e.g., federated) datasets, enabling federated learning simulation at the scale of foundation models. This library facilitates the creation of group-structured versions of existing datasets based on user-specified partitions and directly leads to a variety of useful heterogeneous datasets that can be plugged into existing software frameworks. Dataset Grouper offers three key advantages. First, it scales to settings where even a single group's dataset is too large to fit in memory. Second, it provides flexibility, both in choosing the base (non-partitioned) dataset and in defining partitions. Finally, it is framework-agnostic. We empirically demonstrate that Dataset Grouper enables large-scale federated language modeling simulations on datasets that are orders of magnitude larger than in previous work, allowing for federated training of language models with hundreds of millions, and even billions, of parameters. Our experimental results show that algorithms like FedAvg operate more as meta-learning methods than as empirical risk minimization methods at this scale, suggesting their utility in downstream personalization and task-specific adaptation. Dataset Grouper is available at https://github.com/google-research/dataset_grouper.
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Most machine learning models are trained by collecting vast amounts of data on a central server. Federated learning makes it possible to train models without any user’s raw data leaving their device.
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