Uday R. Naik
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Andromeda: Performance, Isolation, and Velocity at Scale in Cloud Network Virtualization
Mike Dalton
David Schultz
Ahsan Arefin
Alex Docauer
Anshuman Gupta
Brian Matthew Fahs
Dima Rubinstein
Enrique Cauich Zermeno
Erik Rubow
Jake Adriaens
Jesse L Alpert
Jing Ai
Jon Olson
Kevin P. DeCabooter
Nan Hua
Nathan Lewis
Nikhil Kasinadhuni
Riccardo Crepaldi
Srinivas Krishnan
Subbaiah Venkata
Yossi Richter
15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI 2018
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This paper presents our design and experience with Andromeda, Google Cloud Platform’s network virtualization stack. Our production deployment poses several challenging requirements, including performance isolation among customer virtual networks, scalability, rapid provisioning of large numbers of virtual hosts, bandwidth and latency largely indistinguishable from the underlying hardware, and high feature velocity combined with high availability.
Andromeda is designed around a flexible hierarchy of flow processing paths. Flows are mapped to a programming path dynamically based on feature and performance requirements. We introduce the Hoverboard programming model, which uses gateways for the long tail of low bandwidth flows, and enables the control plane to program network connectivity for tens of thousands of VMs in seconds. The on-host dataplane is based around a high-performance OS bypass software packet processing path. CPU-intensive per packet operations with higher latency targets are executed on coprocessor threads. This architecture allows Andromeda to decouple feature growth from fast path performance, as many features can be implemented solely on the coprocessor path. We demonstrate that the Andromeda datapath achieves performance that is competitive with hardware while maintaining the flexibility and velocity of a software-based architecture.
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BwE: Flexible, Hierarchical Bandwidth Allocation for WAN Distributed Computing
Sushant Jain
Nikhil Kasinadhuni
Enrique Cauich Zermeno
C. Stephen Gunn
Jing Ai
Björn Carlin
Mathieu Robin
Amin Vahdat
Sigcomm '15, Google Inc (2015)
Preview abstract
WAN bandwidth remains a constrained resource that is economically infeasible to substantially overprovision. Hence, it is important to allocate capacity according to service priority and based on the incremental value of additional allocation. For example, it may be the highest priority for one service to receive 10Gb/s of bandwidth but upon reaching such an allocation, incremental priority may drop sharply favoring allocation to other services. Motivated by the observation that individual flows with fixed priority may not be the ideal basis for bandwidth allocation, we present the design and implementation of Bandwidth Enforcer (BwE), a global, hierarchical bandwidth allocation infrastructure. BwE supports: i) service-level bandwidth allocation following prioritized bandwidth functions where a service can represent an arbitrary collection of flows, ii) independent allocation and delegation policies according to user-defined hierarchy, all accounting for a global view of bandwidth and failure conditions, iii) multi-path forwarding common in traffic-engineered networks, and iv) a central administrative point to override (perhaps faulty) policy during exceptional conditions. BwE has delivered more service-efficient bandwidth utilization and simpler management in production for multiple years.
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BwE: Flexible, Hierarchical Bandwidth Allocation for WAN Distributed Computing
Björn Carlin
C. Stephen Gunn
Enrique Cauich Zermeno
Jing Ai
Mathieu Robin
Nikhil Kasinadhuni
Sushant Jain
ACM SIGCOMM 2015 (to appear)
Preview abstract
WAN bandwidth remains a constrained resource that is economically infeasible to substantially overprovision. Hence,it is important to allocate capacity according to service priority and based on the incremental value of additional allocation in particular bandwidth regions. For example, it may be highest priority for one service to receive 10Gb/s of bandwidth but upon reaching such an allocation, incremental priority may drop sharply favoring allocation to other services. Motivated by the observation that individual flows with fixed priority may not be the ideal basis for bandwidth allocation, we present the design and implementation of Bandwidth Enforcer (BwE), a global, hierarchical bandwidth allocation infrastructure. BwE supports: i) service-level bandwidth allocation following prioritized bandwidth functions where a service can represent an arbitrary collection of ows, ii) independent allocation and delegation policies according to user-defined hierarchy, all accounting for a global view of bandwidth and failure conditions, iii) multi-path forwarding common in traffic-engineered networks, and iv) a central administrative point to override (perhaps faulty) policy during exceptional conditions. BwE has delivered more service-efficient bandwidth utilization and simpler management in production for multiple years.
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