- Joseph Bardin
- Evan Jeffrey
- Erik Lucero
- Trent Huang
- Sayan Das
- Daniel Sank
- Ofer Naaman
- Anthony Megrant
- Rami Barends
- Ted White
- Marissa Giustina
- Kevin Satzinger
- Kunal Arya
- Pedram Roushan
- Ben Chiaro
- Julian Kelly
- Zijun Chen
- Brian Burkett
- Yu Chen
- Andrew Dunsworth
- Austin Fowler
- Brooks Foxen
- Craig Michael Gidney
- Rob Graff
- Paul Klimov
- Josh Mutus
- Matthew McEwen
- Matthew Neeley
- Charles Neill
- Chris Quintana
- Amit Vainsencher
- Hartmut Neven
- John Martinis
Abstract
Implementation of an error corrected quantum computer is believed to require a quantum processor with on the order of a million or more physical qubits and, in order to run such a processor, a quantum control system of similar scale will be required. Such a controller will need to be integrated within the cryogenic system and in close proximity with the quantum processor in order to make such a system practical. Here, we present a prototype cryogenic CMOS quantum controller designed in a 28-nm bulk CMOS process and optimized to implement a 4-bit XY gate instruction set for transmon qubits. After introducing the transmon qubit, including a discussion of how it is controlled, design considerations are discussed, with an emphasis on error rates and scalability. The circuit design is then discussed. Cryogenic performance of the underlying technology is presented and the results of several quantum control experiments carried out using the integrated controller are described. The paper ends with a comparison to the state of the art. It has been shown that the quantum control IC achieves comparable performance with a conventional rack mount control system while dissipating less than 2mW of total AC and DC power and requiring a digital data stream of less than 500 Mb/s.
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