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Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor

Jesse Hoke
Matteo Ippoliti
Eliott Rosenberg
Dmitry Abanin
Rajeev Acharya
Trond Andersen
Markus Ansmann
Frank Arute
Kunal Arya
Abe Asfaw
Juan Atalaya
Joe Bardin
Andreas Bengtsson
Gina Bortoli
Alexandre Bourassa
Jenna Bovaird
Leon Brill
Michael Broughton
Bob Buckley
David Buell
Tim Burger
Brian Burkett
Nicholas Bushnell
Jimmy Chen
Benjamin Chiaro
Desmond Chik
Josh Cogan
Roberto Collins
Paul Conner
William Courtney
Alex Crook
Ben Curtin
Alejo Grajales Dau
Dripto Debroy
Alexander Del Toro Barba
Sean Demura
Agustin Di Paolo
ILYA Drozdov
Andrew Dunsworth
Daniel Eppens
Catherine Erickson
Edward Farhi
Reza Fatemi
Vinicius Ferreira
Leslie Flores
Ebrahim Forati
Austin Fowler
Brooks Foxen
William Giang
Craig Gidney
Dar Gilboa
Marissa Giustina
Raja Gosula
Jonathan Gross
Steve Habegger
Michael Hamilton
Monica Hansen
Matt Harrigan
Paula Heu
Markus Hoffmann
Sabrina Hong
Trent Huang
Ashley Huff
Bill Huggins
Sergei Isakov
Justin Iveland
Evan Jeffrey
Zhang Jiang
Cody Jones
Pavol Juhas
Dvir Kafri
Kostyantyn Kechedzhi
Tanuj Khattar
Mostafa Khezri
Marika Kieferova
Seon Kim
Alexei Kitaev
Paul Klimov
Andrey Klots
Alexander Korotkov
Fedor Kostritsa
John Mark Kreikebaum
Dave Landhuis
Pavel Laptev
Kim Ming Lau
Lily Laws
Joonho Lee
Kenny Lee
Yuri Lensky
Brian Lester
Alexander Lill
Wayne Liu
Aditya Locharla
Orion Martin
Jarrod McClean
Matt McEwen
Kevin Miao
Amanda Mieszala
Shirin Montazeri
Alexis Morvan
Ramis Movassagh
Wojtek Mruczkiewicz
Matthew Neeley
Charles Neill
Ani Nersisyan
Michael Newman
JiunHow Ng
Anthony Nguyen
Murray Ich Nguyen
Murphy Niu
Tom O'Brien
Seun Omonije
Alex Opremcak
Andre Petukhov
Rebecca Potter
Leonid Pryadko
Chris Quintana
Charles Rocque
Nicholas Rubin
Negar Saei
Daniel Sank
Kannan Sankaragomathi
Kevin Satzinger
Henry Schurkus
Christopher Schuster
Mike Shearn
Aaron Shorter
Noah Shutty
Vladimir Shvarts
Jindra Skruzny
Clarke Smith
Rolando Somma
George Sterling
Doug Strain
Marco Szalay
Alfredo Torres
Guifre Vidal
Benjamin Villalonga
Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller
Ted White
Bryan Woo
Cheng Xing
Jamie Yao
Ping Yeh
Juhwan Yoo
Grayson Young
Adam Zalcman
Yaxing Zhang
Ningfeng Zhu
Nicholas Zobrist
Hartmut Neven
Ryan Babbush
Dave Bacon
Sergio Boixo
Jeremy Hilton
Erik Lucero
Anthony Megrant
Julian Kelly
Yu Chen
Vadim Smelyanskiy
Xiao Mi
Vedika Khemani
Pedram Roushan
Nature, 622 (2023), 481–486
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Abstract

Measurement has a special role in quantum theory: by collapsing the wavefunction, it can enable phenomena such as teleportation and thereby alter the ‘arrow of time’ that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space–time that go beyond the established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium. For present-day noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors, the experimental realization of such physics can be problematic because of hardware limitations and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address these experimental challenges and study measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases, from entanglement scaling to measurement-induced teleportation. We obtain finite-sized signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement with classical simulation data. The phases display remarkably different sensitivity to noise, and we use this disparity to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realizing measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.

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