Overview of Transform Coding in AV2

Kruthika Sivakumar
Lin Zheng
Lester Lu
2026

Abstract

This paper provides an overview and evaluation of transform coding tools in AV2, the successor to AV1 and a royalty-free video coding standard developed by the Alliance for Open
Media (AOMedia). Key transform coding related innovations in AV2 include redesigned core transforms (DCT/DST), novel data driven transforms (DDT), intra and inter secondary transforms (IST), cross component transforms (CCTX), intra mode-dependent transform selection (MDTX), DC-based transform signaling improvements and large chroma transform. Collectively, these tools enable AV2 to deliver higherquality video at significantly reduced bitrates.
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