Purification-Based Quantum Error Mitigation of Pair-Correlated Electron Simulations
Thomas E O'Brien
Gian-Luca R. Anselmetti
Fotios Gkritsis
Vincent Elfving
Stefano Polla
William J. Huggins
Oumarou Oumarou
Kostyantyn Kechedzhi
Dmitry Abanin
Rajeev Acharya
Igor Aleiner
Richard Ross Allen
Trond Ikdahl Andersen
Kyle Anderson
Markus Ansmann
Frank Carlton Arute
Kunal Arya
Juan Atalaya
Michael Blythe Broughton
Bob Benjamin Buckley
Alexandre Bourassa
Leon Brill
Tim Burger
Nicholas Bushnell
Jimmy Chen
Yu Chen
Benjamin Chiaro
Desmond Chun Fung Chik
Josh Godfrey Cogan
Roberto Collins
Paul Conner
William Courtney
Alex Crook
Ben Curtin
Ilya Drozdov
Andrew Dunsworth
Daniel Eppens
Lara Faoro
Edward Farhi
Reza Fatemi
Ebrahim Forati
Brooks Riley Foxen
William Giang
Dar Gilboa
Alejandro Grajales Dau
Steve Habegger
Michael C. Hamilton
Sean Harrington
Jeremy Patterson Hilton
Trent Huang
Ashley Anne Huff
Sergei Isakov
Justin Thomas Iveland
Cody Jones
Pavol Juhas
Marika Kieferova
Andrey Klots
Alexander Korotkov
Fedor Kostritsa
John Mark Kreikebaum
Dave Landhuis
Pavel Laptev
Kim Ming Lau
Lily MeeKit Laws
Joonho Lee
Kenny Lee
Alexander T. Lill
Wayne Liu
Orion Martin
Trevor Johnathan Mccourt
Anthony Megrant
Xiao Mi
Masoud Mohseni
Shirin Montazeri
Alexis Morvan
Ramis Movassagh
Wojtek Mruczkiewicz
Charles Neill
Ani Nersisyan
Michael Newman
Jiun How Ng
Murray Nguyen
Alex Opremcak
Andre Gregory Petukhov
Rebecca Potter
Kannan Aryaperumal Sankaragomathi
Christopher Schuster
Mike Shearn
Aaron Shorter
Vladimir Shvarts
Jindra Skruzny
Vadim Smelyanskiy
Clarke Smith
Rolando Diego Somma
Doug Strain
Marco Szalay
Alfredo Torres
Guifre Vidal
Jamie Yao
Ping Yeh
Juhwan Yoo
Grayson Robert Young
Yaxing Zhang
Ningfeng Zhu
Christian Gogolin
Nature Physics (2023)
Abstract
An important measure of the development of quantum computing platforms has been the simulation of increasingly complex physical systems. Prior to fault-tolerant quantum computing, robust error mitigation strategies are necessary to continue this growth. Here, we study physical simulation within the seniority-zero electron pairing subspace, which affords both a computational stepping stone to a fully correlated model, and an opportunity to validate recently introduced ``purification-based'' error-mitigation strategies. We compare the performance of error mitigation based on doubling quantum resources in time (echo verification) or in space (virtual distillation), on up to 20 qubits of a superconducting qubit quantum processor. We observe a reduction of error by one to two orders of magnitude below less sophisticated techniques (e.g. post-selection); the gain from error mitigation is seen to increase with the system size. Employing these error mitigation strategies enables the implementation of the largest variational algorithm for a correlated chemistry system to-date. Extrapolating performance from these results allows us to estimate minimum requirements for a beyond-classical simulation of electronic structure. We find that, despite the impressive gains from purification-based error mitigation, significant hardware improvements will be required for classically intractable variational chemistry simulations.
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